nginx 地址重写 rewrite
什么是Rewrite
Rewrite对称URL Rewrite，即URL重写，就是把传入Web的请求重定向到其他URL的过程
Rewrite 相关指令
Nginx Rewrite 相关指令有 if、rewrite、set、return
rewrite指令最后跟一个flag标记，支持的flag标记有
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| last 表示完成rewrite。默认为last。会第二次验证
break 本条规则匹配完成后，终止匹配，不再匹配后面的规则
redirect 返回302临时重定向，浏览器地址会显示跳转后的URL地址
permanent 返回301永久重定向，浏览器地址会显示跳转后URL地址
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1、Rewrite匹配参考示例
示例
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| 例1：
本地解析host文件--wind
# http://www.testpm.com/a/1.html ==> http://www.testpm.com/b/2.html
location /a {
root /html;
index 1.html index.htm;
rewrite .* /b/2.html permanent;
}
location /b {
root /html;
index 2.html index.htm;
}
# IP地址后面需要跟后缀 `/a/1.html`
例2：
# http://www.testpm.com/2019/a/1.html ==> http://www.testpm.com/2018/a/1.html
location /2019/a {
root /var/www/html;
index 1.html index.hml;
rewrite ^/2019/(.*)$ /2018/$1 permanent;
}
location /2018/a {
root /var/www/html;
index 1.html index.htl;
}
# IP地址后面需要跟后缀 `/2019/a/1.html`
例3：
# http://www.qf.com/a/1.html ==> http://jd.com
location /a {
root /html;
if ($host ~* www.qf.com ) {
rewrite .* http://jd.com permanent;
}
}
例4：
# http://www.qf.com/a/1.html ==> http://jd.com/a/1.html
location /a {
root /html;
if ( $host ~* qf.com ){
rewrite .* http://jd.com$request_uri permanent;
}
}
例5：
# http://www.tianyun.com/login/tianyun.html ==> http://www.tianyun.com/reg/login.html?user=tianyun
location /login {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
rewrite ^/login/(.*)\.html$ http://$host/reg/login.html?user=$1;
}
location /reg {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index login.html;
}
例6：
#http://www.tianyun.com/qf/11-22-33/1.html ==> http://www.tianyun.com/qf/11/22/33/1.html
location /qf {
rewrite ^/qf/([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*)$ /qf/$1/$2/$3$4 permanent;
}
location /qf/11/22/33 {
root /html;
index 1.html;
}
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2、set 指令
set 指令是用于定义一个变量，并且赋值
示例
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| 例8：
#http://alice.testpm.com ==> http://www.testpm.com/alice
#http://jack.testpm.com ==> http://www.testpm.com/jack
[root@nginx-server conf.d]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@nginx-server html]# mkdir jack alice
[root@nginx-server html]# echo "jack.." >> jack/index.html
[root@nginx-server html]# echo "alice.." >> alice/index.html
本地解析域名host文件
10.0.105.202 www.testpm.com
10.0.105.202 alice.testpm.com
10.0.105.202 jack.testpm.com
编辑配置文件:
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.testpm.com;
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.htm;
if ( $host ~* ^www.testpm.com$) {
break;
}
if ( $host ~* "^(.*)\.testpm\.com$" ) {
set $user $1;
rewrite .* http://www.testpm.com/$user permanent;
}
}
location /jack {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.hml;
}
location /alice {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.hml;
}
}
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3、return 指令
return 指令用于返回状态码给客户端
示例
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| 例9：如果访问的.sh结尾的文件则返回403操作拒绝错误
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.testpm.cn;
#access_log /var/log/nginx/http_access.log main;
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
location ~* \.sh$ {
return 403;
}
}
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4、last,break详解
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| [root@localhost test]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/last_break.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
access_log /var/log/nginx/last.access.log main;
location / {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
location /break/ {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
rewrite .* /test/break.html break;
}
location /last/ {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
rewrite .* /test/last.html last;
}
location /test/ {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
rewrite .* /test/test.html break;
}
}
[root@localhost conf.d]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/
[root@localhost html]# mkdir test
[root@localhost html]# echo "last" > test/last.html
[root@localhost html]# echo "break" > test/break.html
[root@localhost html]# echo "test" > test/test.html
http://10.0.105.196/break/break.html
http://10.0.105.196/last/last.html
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